Twentieth Revolution in Socioanalysis: Ali al-Wardi as an Example

Abstract

The 20th Revolution was not a blind event against the British occupation, but was preceded by alternating revolutionary events, most notably Al- Najaf Revolution, the emergence of the national movement in Baghdad and its transition to other cities for the sake of independence. The day of 30 June 1920 was the culmination of a revolutionary march and national demands that came to fruition only years later, given the ferocity of the occupier as an organized military force in return for the weakness of the revolution embraced by the clans.

This revolution attracted the attention of intellectuals and historians not only as a passionate event that expressed the patriotism and popular will of the Iraqis, but also as paving the way for the establishment of a new entity called the Iraqi State, which became independent after the departure of the last British soldier in 1932. However, the literature on the revolution was often a historical narrative that generally focused on the patriotism and enthusiasm of the revolutionaries for defending their homeland against the barbarity and excessive cruelty of the occupying forces. To this end, opinions have emerged for scientists from various social disciplines, taking scientific approaches and theories to analyze the revolution and the reasons for its start and setback.

The research discusses the views of a number of social scientists, economists and politicians, as Mohamed Salman Hassan and Kotlov have done with Marxism, Wameeth Nathmi in the National pole, and Ali Al-Wardi, who invoked the objective positive approach without basing itself on a single factor, making his study more relevant and interesting than its predecessors, despite some of its shortcomings.