Reverse Thinking and Its Nexus with Academic Incentive Targets of Higher Studies Students

Abstract

scales, population, sample, findings, recommendations and suggestions. The aims of the research were to identify the following:

1- The level of the ”Reverse Thinking“ among the Ss. at the universities of Karbalaa, Kufa, Alqadisiah, and Babylon.

2-The statistically significant differences among the Ss. In ”reverse thinking’, according to their gender(male-female) and study fields (Scientific-Humanities) variables.

3- The level of the ”academic motivational goals“ of the Ss.

4- The statistically significant differences among the Ss. In academic motivational goals (mastery, performance and avoid failure) according to their gender (male-female) and study fields (Scientific-Humanities) variables.

5-The level of the relationship between the reverse thinking and the academic motivational goals among the Ss. of this research.

6-The extent to which the reverse thinking contributes to academic motivational goals among the Ss. of this research.

To achieve the research aims, this researcher has constructed two scales. The first was constructed, according to the theory of positive thinking of (de Bono, 1967), to measure the “reverse thinking”. It was consisting of (18) items. The second scale was constructed based on the theory of goal (Elliot, 1999), to measure the “ academic motivational goals” of the Ss. It was consisting of (35) items. Then, the statistical characteristics of the two scales have been assessed by using the (SPSS) package and were applied to the research sample of (400) Ss. Then, their responses were scored and analyzed by using the (SPSS) package.