Climate and Its Effect on the Water Ration according to the Irrigation Methods, traditional and modern, for the Wheat Crop in Karbala Governorate

Abstract

     The research dealt with the effect of climatic elements on the water needs (water rating) for the wheat crop; it was found that the general trend line of the climatic elements is moving towards the rise during the wheat cultivation season, represented by, actual solar radiation, temperatures, wind speed. Thus it leads to high evaporation and transpiration. This helped to increase the water consumption for the two methods of the surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in the region, in addition, there is a trend towards an increase in the water deficit and the amount of rain is little that cannot be relied on to replenish the water needs. All of this was negatively reflected in the variation in the net water rate according to the two methods of the wheat crop growth stages, where the germination stage was recorded at (76, 106.5 mm), and it was few in this first stage of the crop growth due to evaporation from the soil only, and then it started to rise in the growth and flowering stage by (89.2, 123.9 mm) and the maturity stage by (142.4, 192.9 mm). As a result of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from the crop, the water loss increases. This shows that the best irrigation method, sprinkler irrigation, was used, through a multiple linear regression model, a (t,f) test was conducted with a significant level (99%), the value of R2 of climatic factors has the most influence on the dependent variable in the region by (99%).