Argumentative Confrontation Stylistics in Sermons of Imam Al-Hassan

Abstract

The main objective of the argumentative text is to guide the recipient to be convinced of the proposed idea, it is the only goal that the orator intends when he presents an idea. Therefore, the discourse techniques that would lead the minds to accept the theses presented to them are studied. Or to increase the degree of that approval, for the language is pure argumentation, the argumentative discourse is distinguished from the rest of the other discourses in that it is a structured discourse oriented and purposeful Imam al-Hasan (peace be upon him) had an influential role in, as manifested through the study of the stylistic arguments, since he aims to transcend the linguistic mechanism. To highlight the values of the linguistic sign, it sometimes comes through the direct meaning, and at other times through suggestive meaning and indirectness, seizing the necessary meaning, and influencing its recipient. So such a matter was accomplished when being used by certain tools appropriately, taking into account the position that obliges him to choose the suggestive letter, and the appropriate influential word.

1- The level of the ”Reverse Thinking“ among the Ss. at the universities of Karbalaa, Kufa, Alqadisiah, and Babylon.

2-The statistically significant differences among the Ss. In ”reverse thinking’, according to their gender(male-female) and study fields (Scientific-Humanities) variables.

3- The level of the ”academic motivational goals“ of the Ss.

4- The statistically significant differences among the Ss. In academic motivational goals (mastery, performance and avoid failure) according to their gender (male-female) and study fields (Scientific-Humanities) variables.

5-The level of the relationship between the reverse thinking and the academic motivational goals among the Ss. of this research.

6-The extent to which the reverse thinking contributes to academic motivational goals among the Ss. of this research.

To achieve the research aims, this researcher has constructed two scales. The first was constructed, according to the theory of positive thinking of (de Bono, 1967), to measure the “reverse thinking”. It was consisting of (18) items. The second scale was constructed based on the theory of goal (Elliot, 1999), to measure the “ academic motivational goals” of the Ss. It was consisting of (35) items. Then, the statistical characteristics of the two scales have been assessed by using the (SPSS) package and were applied to the research sample of (400) Ss. Then, their responses were scored and analyzed by using the (SPSS) package.